中国数字化转型的影响
As in most of the world, the Chinese economy is undergoing a protracted period of digital transformation. But given the sheer scale of the economy and the huge strategic subsidies provided by the Chinese government, the country’s digital economy is having a global impact.
与世界大部分地区一样，中国经济正在经历漫长的数字化转型期。但考虑到庞大的经济规模和中国政府提供的巨额战略补贴，中国的数字经济正在产生全球影响。
By Jing-Jing Lui, Director, Sheffield Haworth
作者刘晶晶 ，总监，Sheffield Haworth
Digital transformation has become an ever more vital part of national strategy in China since the country adopted its 14th five-year plan in March 2021. This was the same year that the digital economy accounted for almost 40% of China’s GDP, according to the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT). The country’s strategic emphasis on building and extending digital infrastructure aims to boost computing power and reduce the cost of emerging technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, cloud services, and quantum computing.
自中国于 2021 年 3 月通过“十四五”规划以来，数字化转型已成为中国国家战略中越来越重要的一部分。同年，数字经济占中国 GDP 的近 40%。信息与通信技术学院 (CAICT)。该国对建设和扩展数字基础设施的战略重点旨在提高计算能力并降低 5G、人工智能 (AI)、区块链、云服务和量子计算等新兴技术的成本。
Chinese companies have taken up the challenge and are keen to accelerate – and profit from – this national push towards widespread digital transformation. According to Accenture’s 2021 Global CEO Survey, Chinese companies plan to invest in AI, machine learning, and automation, as well as to build more agile and resilient operating models and supply chains.
中国公司已经接受了挑战，并热衷于加速且从中获利——这种国家推动广泛的数字化转型。根据埃森哲 2021 年全球 CEO 调查，中国企业计划在人工智能、机器学习和自动化领域进行投资，并建立更敏捷、更有弹性的运营模式和供应链。
From this foundation, Chinese enterprises are looking to accelerate digital transformation by launching breakthrough digital products and services, innovating core processes, establishing more flexible supply chains, and becoming more customer centric. For example, in response to falling sales caused by the pandemic, fast fashion brand UR developed an e-commerce service covering 300 stores nationwide within 15 days.
在此基础上，中国企业希望通过推出突破性的数字产品和服务、创新核心流程、建立更灵活的供应链以及更加以客户为中心来加速数字化转型。例如，为应对疫情导致的销量下滑，快时尚品牌UR开发了15天内覆盖全国300家门店的电商服务。
What does digital-first strategy look like for Chinese firms?
中国企业的数字优先战略是什么样的？
According to IDC’s most recent 2021 forecast, China’s total ICT market will reach $793.7 billion in 2022, an increase of 9.2% over 2021. This is faster than the growth of GDP, a trend that IDC believes is likely to continue. Digital transformation spending will reach $329.1 billion in 2022, an increase of 18.6% over 2021.
根据 IDC 对 2021 年的最新预测，2022 年中国的 ICT 市场总额将达到 7937 亿美元，比 2021 年增长 9.2%。这快于 GDP 的增长速度，IDC 认为这一趋势可能会持续下去。 2022年数字化转型支出将达到3291亿美元，比2021年增长18.6%。
Chinese businesses in 2022 are seeing strong demand for digitalisation, and broadly benefiting from excellent digital infrastructure, an accelerating pace of digital innovation, and the government’s huge digital stimulus plan. At the same time, Covid is still not over, leading to significant global supply chain tensions, geopolitical risks, and rising prices, along with increased cybersecurity risks, new demands for privacy protection, and an increasing shortage of digital skills.
2022年，中国企业对数字化的需求强劲，并广泛受益于出色的数字基础设施、数字创新步伐的加快以及政府庞大的数字刺激计划。与此同时，新冠疫情仍未结束，导致全球供应链严重紧张、地缘政治风险和价格上涨，以及网络安全风险增加、隐私保护新需求和数字技能日益短缺。
Against this uncertain background, enterprises need to develop digital-first strategies that incorporate the following priorities:
- Wireless connectivity
- Customer personalisation
- Digital twinning
- Edge data
- Domain intelligence
- Hybrid working and remote operations
- Data security and data privacy
- Software innovation
在这种不确定的背景下，企业需要制定包含以下优先事项的数字优先战略：
1. 无线连接
2. 客户个性化
3. 数字孪生
4. 边缘数据
5.领域智能
6.混合工作和远程操作
7. 数据安全和数据隐私
8、软件创新
Disney – an example of accelerated digital transformation
迪士尼——加速数字化转型的一个例子
Disneyland in China is a great example of a company that has accelerated its digitalisation as a result of Covid. While the global parent company has announced the closure of 20% of its retail stores around the world and a strengthening of its e-commerce business, plus a focus on the Disney+ streaming service that already has around 95 million global subscribers, the Chinese theme park has launched its own app to improve the park experience.
中国的迪士尼乐园是一家因新冠病毒而加速数字化的公司的一个很好的例子。虽然这家全球母公司已宣布关闭其在全球 20% 的零售店并加强其电子商务业务，同时专注于已拥有约 9500 万全球订户的 Disney+ 流媒体服务，但中国主题公园推出了自己的应用程序来改善公园体验。
Customers can use the app to purchase park tickets online, arrange full-day park plans, check the estimated waiting times of park attractions in real time, schedule entertainment performances, browse maps online, and pre-order food. The app in turn will provide the park with high volumes of data around customers’ preferences and spending habits, allowing it to tailor its service offerings and select upsells to maximise its own profits while offering more personalised customer service.
客户可以使用该应用在线购买公园门票、安排全天公园计划、实时查看公园景点的预计等待时间、安排娱乐表演、在线浏览地图和预订食物。反过来，该应用程序将为公园提供有关客户偏好和消费习惯的大量数据，使其能够定制服务产品并选择追加销售，以最大限度地提高自身利润，同时提供更个性化的客户服务。
Biggest data challenges facing Chinese companies
中国企业面临的最大数据挑战
In China, the amount of data generated by large enterprises is growing at a rate of 40% to 60% per year. Naturally, this leads to a series of challenges around storing, managing, and analysing this data, including:
在中国，大型企业产生的数据量以每年40%到60%的速度增长。自然而然的，这也导致了围绕存储、管理和分析这些数据的一系列挑战，包括：
- Synchronization requirements across different data sources
As datasets become larger and more diverse, integrating them into analytics platforms will be a huge challenge. This could create gaps that lead to misinformation and inaccurate analysis.
• 跨不同数据源的同步要求
随着数据集变得更大、更多样化，将它们集成到分析平台将是一个巨大的挑战。这可能会造成差距，导致错误信息和不准确的分析。
- Importing large amounts of data into data platforms
Businesses and business units need to process large amounts of data daily, so data platforms must have the capacity to cope with this.
• 将大量数据导入数据平台
企业和业务单位每天都需要处理大量的数据，数据平台必须有能力应对。
- Risks of choosing new data management technology
One of the biggest challenges for data analysts is figuring out which data management technology works best for them without introducing new problems and potential risks.
• 选择新数据管理技术的风险
数据分析师面临的最大挑战之一是在不引入新问题和潜在风险的情况下找出最适合他们的数据管理技术。
- Data storage and quality
Data storage is becoming another huge challenge for companies, from SMEs to the largest multi-national corporations. When a data warehouse tries to merge unstructured and inconsistent data from various sources, this can lead to data loss, inconsistency, logical conflicts, and data duplication, all of which can seriously undermine data quality.
• 数据存储和质量
数据存储正成为公司面临的另一个巨大挑战，从中小企业到最大的跨国公司。当数据仓库试图合并来自各种来源的非结构化和不一致的数据时，这可能会导致数据丢失、不一致、逻辑冲突和数据重复，所有这些都会严重影响数据质量。
- Data security and privacy
Big data comes with serious challenges around data privacy and security. Big data analytics and storage tools leverage a variety of different data sources. This ultimately leads to a high risk of exposing the data, making it vulnerable.
• 数据安全和隐私
大数据带来了围绕数据隐私和安全的严峻挑战。大数据分析和存储工具利用各种不同的数据源。这最终导致暴露数据的高风险，使其易受攻击。
- The critical shortage of data analysts at all levels
With exponential data growth comes a huge demand for data analysts. Organisations need to hire data analysts with multiple skills because data analysis is a multidisciplinary profession. Another major challenge facing businesses is the lack of senior leaders and executives who understand data analytics. As a result, we’re seeing a severe and growing shortage both of skilled data analysts and executives who understand the discipline.
• 各级数据分析师严重短缺
随着数据的指数增长，对数据分析师的需求也很大。组织需要聘请具有多种技能的数据分析师，因为数据分析是一个多学科的职业。企业面临的另一个主要挑战是缺乏了解数据分析的高级领导者和高管。结果，我们看到熟练的数据分析师和了解该学科的高管严重且日益短缺。
Asia-Pacific poaching digital talent from Europe?
亚太地区从欧洲挖走数字人才？
Public data suggests that digital transformation has penetrated every major market and every major industry around the world. According to data from LinkedIn, digital talent is concentrated in manufacturing, financial services, consumer goods, and corporate services, with the top geographical concentrations of digital talent outside of ICT industries being Los Angeles, New York, Hong Kong, the UAE, and London.
公开数据表明，数字化转型已渗透到全球每个主要市场和主要行业。 LinkedIn 的数据显示，数字人才集中在制造业、金融服务、消费品和企业服务领域，除 ICT 行业之外，数字人才最集中的地区是洛杉矶、纽约、香港、阿联酋和伦敦.
The flow of digital talent is also interesting. The top five global cities for attracting digital talent are Dublin, Berlin, Singapore, Shenzhen, and Milan, while Beijing, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Chicago, and Boston are in a state of net outflow of digital talent. Shanghai is the hub for the flow of digital talent in China. While North American and Asia-Pacific talent seems mainly inclined to internal flow, nearly half of digital talents in Europe are currently flowing to Asia-Pacific, which indirectly indicates the vitality of the digital economy in the Asia-Pacific region.
数字人才的流动也很有趣。全球吸引数字人才排名前五的城市分别是都柏林、柏林、新加坡、深圳和米兰，而北京、南京、广州、芝加哥和波士顿则处于数字人才净流出状态。上海是中国数字人才流动的枢纽。虽然北美和亚太地区的人才似乎主要倾向于内部流动，但目前欧洲近一半的数字人才流向了亚太地区，这间接表明了亚太地区数字经济的活力。
